[ { "id": "ada-standards-2010", "designation": "2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design", "title": "2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design", "body": "US Department of Justice", "domain": "accessibility", "year": 2010, "scope": "The enforceable US design standard under the Americans with Disabilities Act. For venues: accessible routes, wheelchair spaces and companion seats in assembly areas, dispersion and line-of-sight requirements, accessible performance areas, and assistive listening system provision and receiver counts.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/design-standards/2010-stds/", "label": "ADA.gov (free)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Section 221 (assembly areas) and section 219 (assistive listening) are the ones that decide house seating layouts and how many hearing-loop or IR receivers a venue must hold. Free to read in full. Scenic and FOH positions that eat an accessible route or block a sightline from a wheelchair space are a compliance problem, not just a courtesy one.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "ada", "accessibility", "venue", "assistive-listening", "us" ], "sources": [ { "title": "2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design", "url": "https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/design-standards/2010-stds/", "publisher": "US DOJ", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "aes10", "designation": "AES10-2008 (r2019)", "title": "AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering - Serial Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)", "body": "AES", "domain": "audio", "year": 2008, "scope": "MADI: 64 channels of linear PCM at 48 kHz down one coax or one multimode fibre, unidirectional, point to point.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=17", "label": "AES Standards Store" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Still the workhorse of stage-box-to-console links because it is dumb, deterministic and has no network to misconfigure. 64 channels is at 48 kHz: at 96 kHz you get 32, which is the trap in a festival patch that switches sample rate between acts.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "aes", "madi", "multichannel-audio" ], "related_protocols": [ "madi" ], "sources": [ { "title": "AES10 standard listing", "url": "https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=17", "publisher": "AES", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "aes11", "designation": "AES11-2009 (r2019)", "title": "AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering - Synchronization of digital audio equipment in studio operations", "body": "AES", "domain": "audio", "year": 2009, "scope": "Digital Audio Reference Signal (DARS): what a house sync signal for digital audio looks like, how accurate it must be, and how equipment locks to it.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=18", "label": "AES Standards Store" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "The document behind the word clock distribution amp in the bottom of the rack. In an AES67 or Dante world the equivalent job is done by PTP, and mixing the two - some devices on DARS, some on PTP, no defined relationship between them - is a reliable way to generate clicks nobody can find.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "aes", "clock", "sync", "word-clock" ], "related_protocols": [ "word-clock", "aes67", "ptp-1588" ], "sources": [ { "title": "AES11 standard listing", "url": "https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=18", "publisher": "AES", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "aes3", "designation": "AES3-2009 (r2019)", "title": "AES standard for digital audio - Digital input-output interfacing - Serial transmission format for two-channel linearly represented digital audio data", "body": "AES", "domain": "audio", "year": 2009, "scope": "AES/EBU: two channels of linear PCM on one balanced 110 ohm pair, self-clocking, with status and user bits alongside the samples. The consumer S/PDIF interface is the same data on different electricals.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=13", "label": "AES Standards Store" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "An AES3 pair carries its own clock, so a device fed AES3 usually has to slave to it. That is why the AES/EBU feed from a playback machine is so often the accidental clock master of a rack that was supposed to follow word clock.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "aes", "digital-audio", "aes-ebu" ], "related_protocols": [ "madi", "word-clock" ], "sources": [ { "title": "AES3 standard listing", "url": "https://www.aes.org/publications/standards/search.cfm?docID=13", "publisher": "AES", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "aes67-std", "designation": "AES67-2023", "title": "AES standard for audio applications of networks - High-performance streaming audio-over-IP interoperability", "body": "AES", "domain": "audio", "year": 2023, "scope": "Specifies an interoperability profile for high-performance streaming audio over IP networks, covering synchronisation, media clock identification, transport, encoding, session description, and connection management, so that equipment built on different manufacturers' audio networking systems can exchange streams.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://aes2.org/publications/standards-store/", "label": "AES Standards Store" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Free to AES members, USD 100 otherwise. AES67 is a profile rather than a product: a device claiming AES67 support is claiming it can exchange streams with another AES67 device, not that it does everything Dante or Ravenna does natively.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "aes", "audio-over-ip", "networking" ], "sources": [ { "title": "AES67-2023, \"AES standard for audio applications of networks - High-performance streaming audio-over-IP interoperability\" has been published", "url": "https://www.aes.org/standards/blog/2024/2/aes67-2023-aes-standard-for-audio", "publisher": "Audio Engineering Society", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "AES Standards Store", "url": "https://aes2.org/publications/standards-store/", "publisher": "Audio Engineering Society", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-11", "designation": "ANSI E1.11-2024", "title": "Entertainment Technology - USITT DMX512-A Asynchronous Serial Digital Data Transmission Standard for Controlling Lighting Equipment and Accessories", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2024, "scope": "Defines the DMX512-A method of digital data transmission for control of lighting equipment and accessories, covering the electrical layer, connector and pinout, packet timing, start codes, and the alternate start code mechanism that later standards such as RDM build on.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "related_protocols": [ "dmx512" ], "notes": "The document descends from the USITT DMX512/1990 protocol. The 2024 edition replaces the long-lived 2008 text and its R2013 and R2018 reaffirmations. Earlier editions remain downloadable from the ESTA page, which matters when you are working on equipment built to the older text.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "lighting", "dmx" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.11-2024 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1112024", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-17", "designation": "ANSI E1.17-2015 (R2025)", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Architecture for Control Networks (ACN)", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2015, "scope": "A suite of documents specifying an architecture, protocols, and a device description language for networked control of entertainment equipment. It is transport agnostic but is normally run over UDP/IP, and it supplies the root layer and PDU structure that ANSI E1.31 (sACN) reuses for streaming DMX512 data.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "related_protocols": [ "sacn" ], "notes": "ESTA lists the current edition as ANSI E1.17-2015 reaffirmed in 2025. Full ACN is implemented far less often than sACN, but sACN cannot be read properly without the root layer definitions that live here.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "networking", "control" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.17-2015 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ANSIE1172015", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-19", "designation": "ANSI E1.19-2021", "title": "Recommended Practice for the Use of Class A Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) Intended for Personnel Protection in the Entertainment Industry", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2021, "scope": "Where and how Class A GFCIs should protect people in entertainment power distribution, and where nuisance tripping makes other protection strategies appropriate.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Wet-location festival power and orchestra-pit distro arguments end by citing this document.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "electrical", "gfci", "power" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-2", "designation": "ANSI E1.2-2021", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Design, Manufacture and Use of Aluminum Trusses and Towers", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2021, "scope": "Covers the design, manufacture, and use of aluminium trusses, towers, and associated aluminium structural components such as head blocks, sleeve blocks, bases, and corner blocks used in portable structures in the entertainment industry.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "This is the document behind the load tables printed in truss manufacturers' catalogues. A truss span rating means nothing without the loading assumptions the rating was produced under.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "rigging", "truss", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.2-2021 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie12021-2440346", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-20", "designation": "ANSI E1.20-2025", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Remote Device Management over DMX512 Networks (RDM)", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2025, "scope": "Adds bidirectional communication to a DMX512 line so a controller can discover devices, read and set DMX start addresses, query sensors, and collect status messages, using an alternate start code so that it shares the cable with ordinary DMX512 traffic.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "related_protocols": [ "dmx512" ], "notes": "ESTA distributes the download as an archive containing ANSI E1.20 together with ANSI E1.37-1 and ANSI E1.37-2, which define additional parameter messages. Any RDM work needs the E1.37 parts as well as this one.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "lighting", "dmx", "rdm" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.20-2025 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1202025", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-21", "designation": "ANSI E1.21-2024", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Temporary Structures Used for Technical Production of Outdoor Entertainment Events", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2024, "scope": "Minimum design and performance requirements for temporary ground-supported structures used in the technical production of outdoor entertainment events, including stage roofs, towers, and support structures, with the aim of keeping those structures reliable under the loads and weather they will actually meet.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The 2024 edition is referenced by the 2024 International Fire Code and by the 2024 International Building Code provisions for temporary structures, so in many US jurisdictions this stops being advisory and becomes the thing the inspector is holding.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "outdoor", "temporary-structures", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.21-2024 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1212024", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-22", "designation": "ANSI E1.22-2022", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Fire Safety Curtain Systems", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2022, "scope": "Design, construction, installation, testing and maintenance of fire safety curtain systems protecting proscenium openings, including release systems and closing-time requirements.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Covers the iron: the curtain the audience never thinks about until the one night it matters. Local fire codes typically adopt or reference it.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "fire-safety", "stage-machinery", "theatre" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-23", "designation": "ANSI E1.23-2023", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Design, Execution, and Maintenance of Atmospheric Effects", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2023, "scope": "How to plan, run and maintain fog, haze and other atmospheric effects: exposure planning, ventilation interaction, documentation and the responsibilities of whoever signs the effect off.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The process-side companion to E1.5. Between them they answer the recurring question of whether the haze on stage is a managed effect or an unmanaged exposure.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "fog", "haze", "atmospherics" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-27-1", "designation": "ANSI E1.27-1-2006 (R2016)", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Standard for Portable Control Cables for Use with ANSI E1.11 (DMX512-A) and USITT DMX512/1990 Products", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2006, "scope": "What a portable DMX cable actually has to be: characteristic impedance, conductor and shield construction, connector wiring, and the marking that distinguishes it from microphone cable.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/E1-27-1_2006R2016.pdf", "label": "ESTA TSP (free PDF)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "notes": "This is the standard that says, in writing, that a 3-pin mic cable is not a DMX cable. It works on a short run at low load and then does not, usually on the longest run of the rig in front of an audience. Free to read, so there is no excuse for the argument.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "ansi", "dmx", "cable" ], "related_protocols": [ "dmx512" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ANSI E1.27-1-2006 (R2016) full text", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/E1-27-1_2006R2016.pdf", "publisher": "ESTA TSP", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-27-2", "designation": "ANSI E1.27-2-2009 (R2019)", "title": "Recommended Practice for Permanently Installed Control Cables for Use with ANSI E1.11 (DMX512-A) and USITT DMX512/1990 Products", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2009, "scope": "The installed-cable companion to E1.27-1: cable types, pathways and termination practice for permanent DMX infrastructure in a venue.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/ESTA_E1-27-2_2009_R2019.pdf", "label": "ESTA TSP (free PDF)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "notes": "If you are specifying a new build or a refit, this is the document to hand the electrical contractor alongside the riser diagram.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "ansi", "dmx", "cable", "installation" ], "related_protocols": [ "dmx512" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ANSI E1.27-2-2009 (R2019) full text", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/ESTA_E1-27-2_2009_R2019.pdf", "publisher": "ESTA TSP", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-28", "designation": "ANSI E1.28-2022", "title": "Guidance on Planning Followspot Positions in Places of Public Assembly", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2022, "scope": "Sightline geometry, structural provisions, egress and operator welfare for permanent and temporary followspot positions.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "followspot", "lighting", "venue-design" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-3", "designation": "ANSI E1.3-2001 (R2016)", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Lighting Control Systems - 0 to 10 V Analog Control Specification", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2001, "scope": "The analogue 0 to 10 V control interface: signal levels, polarity, source and load impedance, and connector pinout, for dimmers and fixtures that predate or sit alongside DMX.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/ANSI_E1-3_2001_R2016s.pdf", "label": "ESTA TSP (free PDF)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "notes": "Still live: architectural dimming, house lights and a lot of LED drivers take 0-10 V, and the analogue leg is often the thing that stays powered when the show network does not. Note that \"0-10 V\" in architectural lighting is frequently the current-sinking variety, which is not the same electrical animal as this specification.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "ansi", "analog", "dimming" ], "related_protocols": [ "0-10v", "dmx512" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ANSI E1.3-2001 (R2016) full text", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/ANSI_E1-3_2001_R2016s.pdf", "publisher": "ESTA TSP", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-31", "designation": "ANSI E1.31-2018", "title": "Lightweight streaming protocol for transport of DMX512 using ACN", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2018, "scope": "Defines how DMX512 data is packaged into the ACN root layer and streamed over IPv4 and IPv6 networks, including universe-to-multicast-address mapping, source priority, synchronisation packets, and universe discovery.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download after registration)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "related_protocols": [ "sacn" ], "notes": "ESTA makes its ANSI entertainment technology standards available at no cost, which is unusual among standards bodies and worth knowing when you are specifying a system on someone else's budget.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "lighting", "networking" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-33", "designation": "ANSI E1.33-2019", "title": "Entertainment Technology - (RDMnet) - Message Transport and Device Management of ANSI E1.20 (RDM) compatible and similar devices over IP Networks", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2019, "scope": "Carries RDM messaging over IP networks rather than over a DMX512 line, defining broker-based discovery, TCP transport of RDM messages, and the component roles that let a controller manage E1.20 compatible and similar devices across a network.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "related_protocols": [ "dmx512" ], "notes": "ESTA ships the download as a ZIP bundled with an index of other standards that define RDM parameter messages usable with E1.33. RDMnet is management traffic, not level data; it does not replace sACN or Art-Net for driving fixtures.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "networking", "rdm" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.33-2019 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1332019", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-37-1", "designation": "ANSI E1.37-1-2012 (R2022)", "title": "Additional Message Sets for ANSI E1.20 (RDM) - Part 1, Dimmer Message Sets", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2012, "scope": "Extra RDM parameter messages for dimmers: curve selection, minimum and maximum levels, output response time and related settings, beyond the base parameters in E1.20.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "notes": "RDM support is a spectrum, not a yes/no. A device can be fully E1.20 compliant and implement none of these, which is why a console can discover a dimmer rack and still not be able to set its curve remotely.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "esta", "ansi", "rdm", "dimming" ], "related_protocols": [ "rdm", "dmx512" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA TSP published documents index", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA TSP", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-4-1", "designation": "ANSI E1.4-1-2022", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Manual Counterweight Rigging Systems", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2022, "scope": "Design, construction, inspection and maintenance requirements for manual counterweight rigging systems: the fly systems in most proscenium theatres, arbors, rope locks, loading galleries and all.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The document behind how a counterweight house is meant to be built and looked after. If a venue survey finds a fly system with no inspection history, this is the reference to hold it against.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "rigging", "counterweight", "theatre" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-43", "designation": "ANSI E1.43-2025", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Performer Flying Systems", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2025, "scope": "Minimum performance parameters for the design, manufacture, use, and maintenance of performer flying systems in entertainment production. The 2016 edition covered mechanical systems supporting airborne performers or ride-on props and excluded flying members of the public, fall protection systems, and aerial acts that depend on the performer's own strength.", "status": "current", "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1432025", "label": "ANSI catalogue listing for the 2025 edition" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The 2025 edition is a substantial revision of the 2016 text. ESTA hosts the 2016 edition as a free PDF at https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/ANSI_E1-43--2016_PerformerFlyingSystems.pdf, but free availability of the 2025 edition was not confirmed, so free_to_read is deliberately omitted here rather than guessed. Powered hoists that are not lifting performers fall under ANSI E1.6-1 instead.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "rigging", "performer-flying", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ANSI E1.43-2025 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie1432025", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.43-2016 Entertainment Technology — Performer Flying Systems (full text)", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/docs/ANSI_E1-43--2016_PerformerFlyingSystems.pdf", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-5", "designation": "ANSI E1.5-2009 (R2024)", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Theatrical Fog Made With Aqueous Solutions of Di- And Trihydric Alcohols", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2009, "scope": "Composition limits and use requirements for glycol and glycerine based theatrical fog so that exposure stays within documented limits for performers and crews who stand in it nightly.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The fluid-side companion to E1.23: what may be in the tank. Actor unions and venue agreements lean on it in fog disputes.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "fog", "atmospherics", "health" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-6-1", "designation": "ANSI E1.6-1-2021", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Powered Hoist Systems", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2021, "scope": "Requirements for the design, manufacture, installation, inspection, and maintenance of powered hoist systems used to lift and suspend loads for performance, presentation, and theatrical production. It excludes structural attachment points, the rigging of the load itself, performer flying systems, welded link chain hoists, and manually powered hoists.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Performer flying is deliberately out of scope here and is covered by ANSI E1.43 instead. Read the exclusion list before quoting this document in a method statement, because a hoist that lifts scenery and a hoist that lifts a person are held to different standards.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "rigging", "hoists", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI E1.6-1-2021 catalogue listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/esta/ansie12021", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-6-2", "designation": "ANSI E1.6-2-2020", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Design, Inspection, and Maintenance of Electric Chain Hoists for the Entertainment Industry", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2020, "scope": "Design, inspection and maintenance requirements specific to electric chain hoists used in entertainment: the motors that fly truss over people every day.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Part of the E1.6 family: E1.6-1 covers powered hoist systems, this part the chain hoists themselves, E1.6-3 their selection and use.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "rigging", "hoists", "truss" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-e1-8", "designation": "ANSI E1.8-2018 (R2023)", "title": "Entertainment Technology - Loudspeaker Enclosures Intended for Overhead Suspension", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2018, "scope": "Requirements for loudspeaker enclosures designed to be flown: rated working load, attachment hardware, proof testing and marking, so a hang point on a box means something.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The reason serious PA boxes publish working load limits and rigging manuals. A box with no WLL documentation has no business over an audience.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "rigging", "audio", "pa" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-es1-18", "designation": "ANSI ES1.18-2022", "title": "Event Safety - Rigging", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2022, "scope": "Event-level rigging safety requirements: competence, documentation, inspection and the interface between venue, production and rigging vendor at live events.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Sits above the E1.6 hardware standards: who is allowed to make rigging decisions on the day, and what paper trail the event carries.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "event-safety", "rigging" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-es1-7", "designation": "ANSI ES1.7-2021", "title": "Event Safety - Weather Preparedness", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2021, "scope": "Requirements for weather preparedness at live events: monitoring, triggers, decision authority and action plans for the weather calls an outdoor show will eventually face.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The document that turns \"keep an eye on the sky\" into named thresholds and a named decision-maker. Written into many outdoor event permits since stage-collapse litigation made weather plans standard.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "event-safety", "outdoor", "weather" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-es1-9", "designation": "ANSI ES1.9-2026", "title": "Event Safety - Crowd Management", "body": "ESTA", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2026, "scope": "Requirements and guidance for crowd management planning at live events: capacity, flow, monitoring, communication and the interfaces between security, production and emergency services.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "label": "ESTA TSP published documents (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Post-Astroworld, the reference US document for what a defensible crowd plan contains.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "esta", "event-safety", "crowd", "festival" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ESTA Technical Standards Program — published documents", "url": "https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/documents/published_docs.php", "publisher": "ESTA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ansi-z136-1", "designation": "ANSI Z136.1-2022", "title": "American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers", "body": "ANSI / LIA", "domain": "laser", "year": 2022, "scope": "The US laser safety framework: maximum permissible exposure, nominal hazard zone calculation, control measures by laser class, and the Laser Safety Officer role. Z136.1 is the parent document of the Z136 series.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/lia/ansiz13612022", "label": "ANSI Webstore (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "IEC 60825-1 classifies the product; Z136.1 governs how you may operate it and who is responsible. A US show laser also has to satisfy the FDA/CDRH requirements in 21 CFR 1040 and, for audience scanning, a variance. Three separate hurdles, commonly confused for one.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "ansi", "laser", "lso", "safety", "us" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ANSI Z136.1-2022 listing", "url": "https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/lia/ansiz13612022", "publisher": "ANSI", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "bs-7671", "designation": "BS 7671:2018+A2:2022", "title": "Requirements for Electrical Installations - IET Wiring Regulations, 18th Edition", "body": "BSI", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2022, "scope": "The UK national standard for electrical installations: earthing arrangements, protective devices, cable selection, RCD requirements, inspection and testing, and the special-location sections that cover temporary installations for events.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/search?searchkey=BS%207671", "label": "BSI Knowledge (paid)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "UK" ], "notes": "BS 7909 covers temporary systems for entertainment; BS 7671 is the general installation standard it sits on. Section 711 (exhibitions, shows and stands) is the part event electricians reach for. Not statutory in itself, but compliance is how you demonstrate you met the Electricity at Work Regulations.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "bsi", "uk", "electrical", "wiring-regulations" ], "sources": [ { "title": "BSI Knowledge: BS 7671", "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/search?searchkey=BS%207671", "publisher": "BSI", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "IET Wiring Regulations", "url": "https://electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/", "publisher": "IET", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "bs-7906-1", "designation": "BS 7906-1", "title": "Lifting equipment for performance, broadcast and similar applications — Code of practice for the selection, use and maintenance of lifting equipment for production purposes", "body": "BSI", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2021, "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "scope": "UK code of practice for lifting equipment used in performance and broadcast: selection, use, inspection and maintenance, including the distinction between lifting loads and suspending loads above people.", "access_url": { "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/", "label": "BSI Knowledge" }, "jurisdiction": [ "GB" ], "notes": "The UK reference where a German site would reach for DGUV and an American one for the ANSI E1.6 family. All three are answering the same question and none of them uses the others’ words for it.", "tags": [ "rigging", "hoists", "lifting", "uk" ], "sources": [ { "title": "BS 7906-1", "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/", "publisher": "BSI", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "bs-7909", "designation": "BS 7909:2011", "title": "Code of practice for temporary electrical systems for entertainment and related purposes", "body": "BSI", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2011, "scope": "The UK code of practice for temporary electrical systems at events, productions and broadcast: system design, earthing arrangements, RCD protection, documentation and the competence and sign-off of the Senior Person Responsible.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/search?searchkey=BS%207909", "label": "BSI Knowledge (paid)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "UK" ], "notes": "UK event power is specified, built and signed off \"to 7909\". The SPR (Senior Person Responsible) role that UK power vendors put on paperwork comes from this document.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "bsi", "electrical", "event-power", "uk" ], "sources": [ { "title": "BSI Knowledge: BS 7909", "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/search?searchkey=BS%207909", "publisher": "BSI", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "cns-62471-7", "designation": "CNS 62471-7", "title": "Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems - Part 7: Light sources and luminaires primarily emitting visible radiation (光源及光源系統之光生物安全性－第7部：主要發射可見光輻射之光源及燈具)", "body": "BSMI (經濟部標準檢驗局)", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2021, "scope": "The Taiwanese adoption of IEC/TR 62471-7: how to assess the photobiological risk - blue light, thermal and retinal hazards - of lamps and luminaires whose output is mainly visible light.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.cnsonline.com.tw/", "label": "國家標準(CNS)網路服務系統 (free viewing, registration)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "TW" ], "notes": "Taiwan's CNS standards are viewable free through 標準檢驗局's CNSonline service. Relevant to high-output LED and laser-phosphor fixtures pointed at performers and audience, and the companion to IEC 62471-5 for image projectors. CNS numbers that mirror an IEC number are normally identical adoptions, but the edition can lag.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "cns", "taiwan", "photobiological", "led", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "國家標準(CNS)網路服務系統", "url": "https://www.cnsonline.com.tw/", "publisher": "經濟部標準檢驗局", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "經濟部標準檢驗局 中華民國國家標準分類目錄", "url": "https://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/lp?ctNode=9334&CtUnit=2422&BaseDSD=7&mp=1", "publisher": "BSMI", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "dci-dcss", "designation": "DCI DCSS", "title": "Digital Cinema Initiatives - Digital Cinema System Specification", "body": "Digital Cinema Initiatives", "domain": "video", "scope": "The studio-consortium specification digital cinema is built to: image formats and 48 cd/m2 screen luminance reference, JPEG 2000 compression, packaging (DCP), security and projection requirements, with SMPTE standards carrying the formal definitions.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.dcimovies.com/specification/", "label": "DCI specification (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "international" ], "notes": "Where the 14 fL / 48 cd/m2 cinema brightness target that projectionists and screen calculators quote comes from. Event cinema and premieres in venues inherit these expectations even outside DCI-compliant rooms.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "dci", "cinema", "projection", "dcp" ], "sources": [ { "title": "DCI specification page", "url": "https://www.dcimovies.com/specification/", "publisher": "Digital Cinema Initiatives", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "dguv-vorschrift-17", "designation": "DGUV Vorschrift 17/18", "title": "Veranstaltungs- und Produktionsstätten für szenische Darstellung", "body": "DGUV", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2021, "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "scope": "The German accident-prevention regulation for venues and production sites used for scenic presentation. Covers stage machinery, suspension of loads, inspection intervals and the qualification of the people operating and checking them.", "access_url": { "url": "https://publikationen.dguv.de/", "label": "DGUV publications (free)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "DE" ], "notes": "Formerly BGV C1, and still universally called that. This is where the D8, D8 Plus and C1 shorthand used across Europe comes from — a German regulation that became the international vocabulary for what a hoist may be used for.", "tags": [ "rigging", "hoists", "machinery", "germany", "d8", "c1" ], "sources": [ { "title": "DGUV Vorschrift 17", "url": "https://publikationen.dguv.de/", "publisher": "Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "din-15905-5", "designation": "DIN 15905-5:2022-07", "title": "Entertainment technology - Sound engineering - Part 5: Measures to prevent the risk of hearing loss of the audience by high sound exposure of electroacoustic sound systems", "body": "DIN", "domain": "audio", "year": 2022, "scope": "How to measure and evaluate the sound level an audience is exposed to from a PA system, and the measures that follow: measurement position, averaging, logging and the responsible-person role.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.dinmedia.de/en/standard/din-15905-5/352773526", "label": "DIN Media (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "DE" ], "notes": "This is why German shows have a logging SPL meter at a defined measurement point and a named person watching it. It governs exposure of the AUDIENCE; crew exposure is a separate occupational question under the EU noise directive. The 2022 edition replaced the 2007 version and its 2013 corrigendum.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "din", "spl", "noise", "audience", "audio" ], "sources": [ { "title": "DIN 15905-5:2022-07 catalogue entry", "url": "https://www.dinmedia.de/en/standard/din-15905-5/352773526", "publisher": "DIN Media", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "din-56950-1", "designation": "DIN 56950-1:2020-09", "title": "Entertainment technology - Machinery installations - Part 1: Safety requirements and inspections", "body": "DIN", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2020, "scope": "Safety requirements for machinery in places of assembly and production facilities: fly bar hoists, point hoists, lighting towers, revolves, orchestra pit lifts, movable plateaus and projection screens, including the case where loads move over people.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.dinmedia.de/en/standard/din-56950-1/329525891", "label": "DIN Media (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "DE", "International practice" ], "notes": "The German reference that much of the touring automation world is built to, and the ancestor of the pan-European EN 17206. Its scope explicitly includes theatres, multi-purpose halls, film and TV studios, concert halls, open-air stages, clubs and exhibition spaces - not only proscenium theatres.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "din", "machinery", "stage-automation", "hoist", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "DIN 56950-1 catalogue entry", "url": "https://www.dinmedia.de/en/standard/din-56950-1/329525891", "publisher": "DIN Media", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "DIN 56950-1 scope summary", "url": "https://www.sis.se/en/produkter/domestic-and-commercial-equipment-entertainment-sports/equipment-for-entertainment/theatre-stage-and-studio-equipment/din5695012/", "publisher": "SIS", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "din-56950-5", "designation": "DIN 56950-5", "title": "Entertainment technology - Machinery installations - Part 5: Safety requirements for electric chain hoist systems", "body": "DIN", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2020, "scope": "The part of the DIN 56950 series specific to electric chain hoists: construction, braking, control and inspection requirements for the hoists that fly almost every touring rig.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.dinmedia.de/en/standard/din-56950-5/329525900", "label": "DIN Media (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "DE", "International practice" ], "notes": "This is the document behind the D8 / D8 Plus / C1 classification language on hoist data sheets and in touring riders. A D8 hoist is not rated to hold a load over people; C1 is. Getting that wrong is the single most consequential spec error in rigging.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "din", "chain-hoist", "rigging", "d8", "c1", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "DIN 56950-5 catalogue entry", "url": "https://www.dinmedia.de/en/standard/din-56950-5/329525900", "publisher": "DIN Media", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "DIN 56950-5 scope summary", "url": "https://www.sis.se/en/produkter/domestic-and-commercial-equipment-entertainment-sports/equipment-for-entertainment/theatre-stage-and-studio-equipment/din-56950-5/", "publisher": "SIS", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "din-spec-15800", "designation": "DIN SPEC 15800", "title": "General Device Type Format (GDTF)", "body": "DIN", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2022, "scope": "Specifies GDTF, an open file format describing an entertainment fixture: its DMX modes and channel layout, its geometry and physical properties, and its behaviour — so one definition can serve a console, a visualiser and a CAD package.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://gdtf-share.com/", "label": "GDTF Share" }, "notes": "With MVR, this is what allows a plot to move from CAD to previsualisation to console without anybody retyping a patch. Check that a downloaded file matches the firmware the fixture is actually running.", "tags": [ "gdtf", "mvr", "fixtures", "cad", "interchange" ], "sources": [ { "title": "GDTF — General Device Type Format", "url": "https://gdtf-share.com/", "publisher": "GDTF Group", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "displayport-standard", "designation": "VESA DisplayPort Standard v2.1b", "title": "VESA DisplayPort Standard", "body": "VESA", "domain": "video", "year": 2025, "scope": "Defines the DisplayPort interface: the Main Link (up to UHBR20, 80 Gbit/s over 4 lanes), Multi-Stream Transport for daisy-chaining monitors, Display Stream Compression, and the connector/cable requirements a device or cable has to meet to claim a given DisplayPort version or UHBR rate.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.displayport.org/faq/", "label": "DisplayPort.org version FAQ (full spec is a VESA member/adopter benefit)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "DisplayPort 2.1b was announced January 2025, superseding 2.1a, and adds the DP80LL (\"low loss\") active-cable specification, allowing UHBR20 cables roughly 3x the length of the original passive DP80 cable. VESA develops and administers the standard; the full specification text is a member/adopter benefit rather than a public download.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "vesa", "displayport", "video", "connector" ], "sources": [ { "title": "DisplayPort.org FAQ", "url": "https://www.displayport.org/faq/", "publisher": "VESA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true }, { "title": "VESA DisplayPort 2.1b / DP80LL announcement", "url": "https://vesa.org/press/vesa-to-update-displayport-2-1-with-new-active-cable-specification-for-up-to-3x-longer-dp80-cables/", "publisher": "VESA", "accessed": "2026-08-22" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "en-13782", "designation": "EN 13782:2015", "title": "Temporary structures - Tents - Safety", "body": "CEN", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2015, "scope": "Safety requirements for the design, manufacture, installation, maintenance and operation of tents and marquees used as temporary structures, including wind loading and anchoring.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:38129", "label": "CEN (via national member bodies, paid)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "EU", "EEA", "UK" ], "notes": "The wind-speed thresholds in a festival production plan - when to clear a tent, when to drop it - trace back to a document like this via the supplier's operations manual. Ask the marquee contractor which standard their manual is written to.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "cen", "en", "tent", "temporary-structure", "wind" ], "sources": [ { "title": "CEN standards catalogue: EN 13782", "url": "https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:38129", "publisher": "CEN", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "en-13814-1", "designation": "EN 13814-1:2019", "title": "Safety of amusement rides and amusement devices - Part 1: Design and manufacture", "body": "CEN", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2019, "scope": "Structural and mechanical design requirements for amusement rides and devices, including the temporary and demountable structures that sit alongside them at events.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:60483", "label": "CEN (via national member bodies, paid)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "EU", "EEA", "UK" ], "notes": "Relevant to live events because the boundary between \"stage structure\" and \"amusement device\" is thinner than it looks once an audience is carried, lifted or moved. Replaced the single-part EN 13814:2004 with a three-part series (design, operation, inspection).", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "cen", "en", "structures", "amusement", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "CEN standards catalogue: EN 13814 series", "url": "https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:60483", "publisher": "CEN", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "en-17206", "designation": "EN 17206:2020", "title": "Entertainment technology - Machinery for stages and other production areas - Safety requirements and inspections", "body": "CEN/CENELEC", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2020, "scope": "The European safety standard for stage machinery: powered flying systems, elevators, revolves and effects machinery, with safety-function requirements expressed against EN ISO 13849 performance levels, plus inspection regimes.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/search?searchkey=EN%2017206", "label": "BSI Knowledge (paid, as BS EN 17206)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "EU", "UK" ], "notes": "Successor to the German DIN 56950 family as the pan-European reference. When a European venue asks whether performer flying is \"compliant\", this plus the machinery directive is what compliance means.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "cen", "stage-machinery", "performer-flying", "inspections" ], "sources": [ { "title": "BSI Knowledge: BS EN 17206", "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/search?searchkey=EN%2017206", "publisher": "BSI", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "etsi-en-300-422-1", "designation": "ETSI EN 300 422-1", "title": "Wireless microphones; Audio PMSE up to 3 GHz; Part 1: Class A Receivers", "body": "ETSI", "domain": "audio", "year": 2017, "scope": "The harmonised standard for professional wireless microphone and in-ear equipment in Europe: transmitter masks, receiver performance classes and the spectrum-efficiency requirements. Later revisions add the transmit mask and 20 MHz bandwidth ceiling that make Wireless Multichannel Audio Systems (WMAS) legal.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.etsi.org/standards", "label": "ETSI standards (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "EU / EEA", "widely referenced elsewhere" ], "notes": "ETSI publishes its standards free of charge. This is the document behind WMAS, and the FCC aligned its own rules with the same approach in February 2024.", "tags": [ "rf", "wireless", "pmse", "wmas", "microphones" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ETSI EN 300 422-1", "url": "https://www.etsi.org/standards", "publisher": "European Telecommunications Standards Institute", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "eu-directive-2003-10-ec", "designation": "Directive 2003/10/EC", "title": "Minimum health and safety requirements regarding exposure of workers to noise", "body": "European Union", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2003, "scope": "EU-wide worker noise exposure limits: lower action value 80 dB(A), upper action value 85 dB(A), exposure limit 87 dB(A) daily/weekly with hearing protection attenuation counted, on a 3 dB exchange rate.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32003L0010", "label": "EUR-Lex full text" }, "jurisdiction": [ "EU" ], "notes": "Member states transpose this into national law (UK: Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, kept post-Brexit). Article 14 obliges sector codes of conduct for music and entertainment, which is where venue sound-level codes come from.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "eu", "noise", "hearing", "venues" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Directive 2003/10/EC", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32003L0010", "publisher": "EUR-Lex", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "fda-21-cfr-1040", "designation": "21 CFR 1040.10 / 1040.11", "title": "Performance standards for light-emitting products: laser products", "body": "FDA (CDRH)", "domain": "laser", "scope": "US federal performance standard for laser products, including the demonstration-laser provisions under which laser light shows operate; show operators additionally require an FDA variance for audience-scanning and Class IIIb/IV display use.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-J/part-1040", "label": "eCFR part 1040 full text" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The practical chain for US laser shows: product complies with 1040.10, the show runs under an FDA variance, and the operator files annual reports. Internationally the equivalent framework hangs off IEC 60825-1.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "fda", "laser", "variance", "light-shows" ], "sources": [ { "title": "21 CFR Part 1040 (eCFR)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-J/part-1040", "publisher": "eCFR", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "gb-36726", "designation": "GB 36726-2018", "title": "Mechanical equipment on stages - Fire curtain (舞台机械 刚性防火隔离幕)", "body": "SAMR / SAC", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2018, "scope": "Mandatory Chinese national standard for the rigid proscenium fire curtain: design principles, main components, material combustion performance, operating methods, key performance parameters, and provisions for acceptance testing, operation and maintenance.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=7643B2F2502C267CE05397BE0A0AAF6A", "label": "全国标准信息公共服务平台" }, "jurisdiction": [ "CN" ], "notes": "Mandatory, not advisory: GB without the /T prefix is a compulsory standard. Applies to vertical-winch, monolithic rigid curtains at the proscenium of new, rebuilt and extended theatres, and to modifications of existing ones. Proposed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, drafted with the China Performing Arts Equipment Technology Association and the Tianjin Fire Research Institute.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "gb", "china", "fire-curtain", "stage-machinery", "mandatory" ], "sources": [ { "title": "GB 36726-2018 record, 全国标准信息公共服务平台", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=7643B2F2502C267CE05397BE0A0AAF6A", "publisher": "SAMR", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "gb-7000-1", "designation": "GB 7000.1-2015", "title": "Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests (灯具 第1部分：一般要求与试验)", "body": "SAMR / SAC", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2015, "scope": "The Chinese national luminaire safety standard, the domestic counterpart of IEC 60598-1: construction, creepage and clearance, temperature rise, insulation and marking requirements for luminaires sold in mainland China.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=4DEBB5925A2F390C48D7B3148ACA0C65", "label": "国家标准全文公开 (free full text)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "CN" ], "notes": "Published 2015-12-31, effective 2017-01-01, and free to read on the national full-text portal. This is the base document for CCC marking of lighting equipment; a fixture certified only to IEC or UL is not automatically acceptable for sale in mainland China. GB/T 7000.1-2023 is the newer revision.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "gb", "china", "luminaire", "ccc", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "GB 7000.1-2015 full text, 国家标准全文公开系统", "url": "https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/gb/newGbInfo?hcno=4DEBB5925A2F390C48D7B3148ACA0C65", "publisher": "SAMR", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "gb-t-36727", "designation": "GB/T 36727-2018", "title": "Stage machinery - Acceptance and testing specification (舞台机械 验收检测规范)", "body": "SAMR / SAC", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2018, "scope": "The national recommended standard for accepting stage machinery on handover: what is tested, to what tolerances, and how the results are recorded.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=7643B2F2502C267CE05397BE0A0AAF6A", "label": "全国标准信息公共服务平台 (search GB/T 36727)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "CN" ], "notes": "GB/T is recommended rather than mandatory, but it is what a Chinese venue commissioning contract will name for handover testing. The older industry document WH/T 27-2007 covers the same ground from the Ministry of Culture side.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "gb", "china", "stage-machinery", "commissioning" ], "sources": [ { "title": "全国标准信息公共服务平台 (national standards portal)", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=7643B2F2502C267CE05397BE0A0AAF6A", "publisher": "SAMR", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "hdmi-specification", "designation": "HDMI Specification 2.2", "title": "High-Definition Multimedia Interface Specification Version 2.2", "body": "HDMI Forum", "domain": "video", "year": 2025, "scope": "Defines the HDMI interface: TMDS/FRL signalling, connector pinout and types, the audio/video protocols it carries, the EDID and HDMI-CEC control channels, and (from 2.1 onward) the higher-bandwidth modes such as Dynamic HDR and higher resolution/refresh-rate combinations. Each version number describes the maximum a source, sink, or cable can do — the connector shape alone never tells you which version a given port or cable actually supports.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.hdmi.org/spec/hdmi2_1", "label": "HDMI Forum specification overview (full text via Adopter Extranet)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Released 25 June 2025 by the HDMI Forum's Technical Working Group, raising maximum bandwidth to 96 Gbit/s over a new \"Ultra96\" cable and FRL lane structure. The HDMI Forum, Inc. develops and releases the technical specification; HDMI Licensing Administrator, Inc. (HDMI LA) is the separate entity appointed as licensing agent, handling trademark and compliance licensing for adopters. Full specification text requires signing the (no-cost) HDMI Adopter Agreement, not a cash purchase, but is not a public download.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "hdmi", "video", "display", "connector" ], "sources": [ { "title": "HDMI Forum Releases Version 2.2 of the HDMI Specification", "url": "https://hdmiforum.org/hdmi-forum-releases-version-2-2-of-the-hdmi-specification/", "publisher": "HDMI Forum", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true }, { "title": "HDMI 2.2 Specification Technology Overview", "url": "https://www.hdmi.org/spec/hdmi2_1", "publisher": "HDMI Licensing Administrator", "accessed": "2026-08-22" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "iec-60118-4", "designation": "IEC 60118-4:2014+AMD1:2017", "title": "Electroacoustics - Hearing aids - Part 4: Induction-loop systems for hearing aid purposes - System performance requirements", "body": "IEC", "domain": "accessibility", "year": 2017, "scope": "The performance standard for audio frequency induction loop systems (hearing loops): field strength, frequency response, background noise and overspill, plus how the installed system is verified.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/23252", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "A loop that is installed but not commissioned to this standard is the normal failure: the T-coil symbol on the door and nothing usable in the back third of the room. Ask for the field-strength measurement report, not the installation invoice.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "iec", "hearing-loop", "accessibility", "assistive-listening" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 60118-4:2014 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/23252", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iec-60204-1", "designation": "IEC 60204-1", "title": "Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements", "body": "IEC", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2016, "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "scope": "The electrical safety requirements for machinery, including supply disconnection, protection against electric shock, control circuits, conductor identification, and the definition of stop categories 0, 1 and 2.", "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/26037", "label": "IEC Webstore" }, "notes": "Stop categories come from here. Category 0 is immediate removal of power — correct for a hoist, because the brake is spring-applied and losing power applies it. Category 1 is a controlled stop and then power removal. Category 2 keeps power on and is not permitted for an emergency stop.", "tags": [ "machinery", "electrical", "stop-category", "e-stop" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 60204-1", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/26037", "publisher": "International Electrotechnical Commission", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "iec-60268-16", "designation": "IEC 60268-16:2020", "title": "Sound system equipment - Part 16: Objective rating of speech intelligibility by speech transmission index", "body": "IEC", "domain": "audio", "year": 2020, "scope": "Defines the Speech Transmission Index (STI): the 0-1 objective measure of how intelligibly a sound system delivers speech, including STIPA measurement for installed systems.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/search/?q=60268-16", "label": "IEC Webstore (paid)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "international" ], "notes": "Voice alarm and PA intelligibility specs are written as STI or STIPA numbers against this document (life-safety systems commonly demand 0.50 or better). If a contract says \"intelligible\", this is the maths it means.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "iec", "sti", "intelligibility", "voice-alarm" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC Webstore: 60268-16", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/search/?q=60268-16", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "iec-60529", "designation": "IEC 60529:1989+AMD2:2013", "title": "Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)", "body": "IEC", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2013, "scope": "Defines the two-digit IP rating: the first digit for solid objects and dust, the second for water, plus the optional supplementary letters. IP65, IP54 and IP20 on a fixture data sheet all come from here.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/2452", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "An outdoor festival spec that says \"IP65\" is asking for dust-tight plus low-pressure water jets from any direction. It is not a submersion rating, it is not a rating against pressure washing, and it says nothing about UV or temperature. Two fixtures at the same IP number can behave very differently in a rain event depending on how the connectors are sealed.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "iec", "ip-rating", "weather", "outdoor" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 60529:1989+AMD1:1999+AMD2:2013 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/2452", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iec-60598-2-17", "designation": "IEC 60598-2-17:2017", "title": "Luminaires - Part 2-17: Particular requirements - Luminaires for stage lighting, television and film studios (outdoor and indoor)", "body": "IEC", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2017, "scope": "The safety requirements specific to stage, television, film and photographic studio luminaires, including spot and floodlight projectors, on supplies up to 1000 V. Covers the hanger as part of the luminaire; tripods, booms and other supports are explicitly out of scope.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/34497", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Edition 2.0 replaced the 1984 first edition and widened the scope from lamp types to \"electric light source\", which is how LED fixtures with non-replaceable sources came inside it. Adopted in Europe as EN IEC 60598-2-17 and in the UK as BS EN IEC 60598-2-17:2018. If a fixture is CE marked for stage use, this is one of the documents behind the mark.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "iec", "luminaire", "stage-lighting", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 60598-2-17:2017 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/34497", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "BS EN IEC 60598-2-17:2018", "url": "https://knowledge.bsigroup.com/products/luminaires-particular-requirements-luminaires-for-stage-lighting-television-and-film-studios-outdoor-and-indoor", "publisher": "BSI", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iec-60825-1", "designation": "IEC 60825-1:2014", "title": "Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements", "body": "IEC", "domain": "laser", "year": 2014, "scope": "Covers the safety of laser products emitting laser radiation in the wavelength range 180 nm to 1 mm. It sets the classification scheme that produces the Class 1 to Class 4 labels found on show lasers, along with the manufacturer's requirements for labelling, engineering controls, and accessible emission limits.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/3587", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase, CHF 405 as listed)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Edition 3.0, published 15 May 2014, with interpretation sheets from December 2017. This part classifies the product. It does not by itself authorise audience-scanning or set the exposure limits an operator has to work to, and national regulators add their own requirements on top.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "iec", "laser", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 60825-1:2014 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/3587", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "IECEE listing for IEC 60825-1:2014", "url": "https://www.iecee.org/certification/iec-standards/iec-60825-12014", "publisher": "IECEE", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "iec-61131-3", "designation": "IEC 61131-3", "title": "Programmable controllers — Part 3: Programming languages", "body": "IEC", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2013, "scope": "Defines the five programming languages used on programmable logic controllers — Structured Text, Ladder Diagram, Function Block Diagram, Sequential Function Chart and Instruction List — together with a common data type and program organisation model.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4552", "label": "IEC Webstore" }, "notes": "The reason a control program written for one PLC platform is recognisable to somebody who works on another. Underlies TwinCAT, CODESYS, TIA Portal and most of the automation platforms used for entertainment machinery.", "tags": [ "plc", "automation", "machinery", "programming" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 61131-3", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/4552", "publisher": "International Electrotechnical Commission", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "iec-61508", "designation": "IEC 61508-1:2010", "title": "Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems - Part 1: General requirements", "body": "IEC", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2010, "scope": "Part 1 of the seven-part IEC 61508 series. It sets out the overall safety lifecycle and the general requirements for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic systems that carry out safety functions, and it is the basic safety publication from which sector-specific functional safety standards are derived.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/5515", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase, CHF 380 as listed)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Edition 2.0, published 30 April 2010. This is where the Safety Integrity Level concept comes from, which is why stage machinery control specifications quote SIL ratings for emergency stops and load monitoring. A SIL number on a machinery data sheet is a claim about the whole safety function, not about a single component, so ask what function was assessed.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "iec", "functional-safety", "automation", "sil" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 61508-1:2010 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/5515", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "iec-61672-1", "designation": "IEC 61672-1:2013", "title": "Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications", "body": "IEC", "domain": "audio", "year": 2013, "scope": "Specifies the performance requirements and tolerances for sound level meters, including the A, C, and Z frequency-weighting curves that produce dB(A), dB(C), and dB(Z) readings, and the Fast/Slow time-weightings used to integrate a reading. It is the document a meter's accuracy class (Class 1 or Class 2) is actually rated against.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/5708", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Edition 2.0, published 30 September 2013, stability date 2029; a technical revision of the 2002 first edition, which replaced the older \"Linear\" weighting with the defined Z (zero) weighting used today. Part 2 (IEC 61672-2) covers pattern-evaluation tests and Part 3 covers periodic testing — separate documents from this specifications part.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "iec", "spl", "weighting", "sound-level-meter" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 61672-1:2013 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/5708", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "iec-62061", "designation": "IEC 62061", "title": "Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related control systems", "body": "IEC", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2021, "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "scope": "The machinery-sector application of IEC 61508. Expresses the required risk reduction as Safety Integrity Levels and gives the methods for designing and verifying a safety-related control function against one.", "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/59927", "label": "IEC Webstore" }, "related_protocols": [ "ethercat", "profinet" ], "notes": "The sibling of ISO 13849-1: the same problem approached through SIL rather than Performance Level. Either route is acceptable, and a specification that quotes both without saying which was assessed is quoting a marketing claim.", "tags": [ "functional-safety", "sil", "machinery" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 62061", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/59927", "publisher": "International Electrotechnical Commission", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "iec-62368-1", "designation": "IEC 62368-1:2023", "title": "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements", "body": "IEC", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2023, "scope": "The hazard-based safety standard that replaced IEC 60065 (audio/video) and IEC 60950-1 (IT equipment). Classifies energy sources rather than listing constructions, so it applies to consoles, media servers, amplifiers, network gear and anything else in a rack.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/78700", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "The transition from 60065/60950-1 is done: equipment placed on the market now is certified to 62368-1. If you are reading a compliance sheet on an amp or a server and it still cites 60065, you are looking at an old certificate.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "iec", "equipment-safety", "av" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 62368-1 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/78700", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iec-62471-5", "designation": "IEC 62471-5:2015", "title": "Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems - Part 5: Image projectors", "body": "IEC", "domain": "laser", "year": 2015, "scope": "Defines a risk group classification system (RG1, RG2, RG3) and the measurement conditions for optical radiation emitted by image projectors — theatre projectors, data projectors, and home-use projectors — regardless of whether the light source is a lamp, LED, or laser. This is the part of the 62471 series that actually governs projector risk-group labelling; the base IEC 62471 document covers general lamps and lamp systems and explicitly excludes projection uses from its own scope.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/22639", "label": "IEC Webstore (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Edition 1.0, published 9 June 2015, developed by TC 76 (Optical radiation safety and laser equipment), stability date 2027. Often cited loosely alongside IEC 60825-1 as \"IEC/EN 62471\" for laser-illuminated projectors: 60825-1 classifies the laser diodes as a source, while this part classifies the projected output an audience is actually exposed to, measured at a defined projection ratio (2.0:1 for interchangeable optics). A European harmonised EN 62471-5 also exists.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "iec", "laser", "projector", "risk-group" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEC 62471-5:2015 publication page", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/22639", "publisher": "IEC", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ieee-1588", "designation": "IEEE 1588-2019", "title": "IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems", "body": "IEEE", "domain": "networking", "year": 2019, "scope": "PTP version 2.1: the master/slave clock election, the sync and delay-request message exchange, and the profile mechanism that AES67, ST 2059 and AVB each specialise. This is how packets on a show network agree what time it is to sub-microsecond accuracy.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1588/6825/", "label": "IEEE (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Almost nobody deploys bare 1588. You deploy a profile of it: AES67 media profile, SMPTE ST 2059-2, or gPTP (802.1AS). Two devices can both be \"PTPv2\" and never lock because they are on different profiles or different domain numbers.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "ieee", "ptp", "clock", "sync" ], "related_protocols": [ "ptp-1588", "aes67", "smpte-st-2110", "dante" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEEE 1588-2019 standard page", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1588/6825/", "publisher": "IEEE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ieee-1789", "designation": "IEEE 1789-2015", "title": "IEEE Recommended Practice for Modulating Current in High-Brightness LEDs for Mitigating Health Risks to Viewers", "body": "IEEE", "domain": "video", "year": 2015, "scope": "How much flicker an LED light source may carry at a given modulation frequency before it becomes a health risk, expressed as low-risk and no-effect boundaries against percent modulation.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1789/4479/", "label": "IEEE (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "This is the document behind \"why does that LED fixture strobe on camera at 1/1000th\". PWM dimming below a few kilohertz is visible to a rolling shutter long before it is visible to a person, which is why broadcast specs quote flicker limits that stage rigs never had to meet.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "ieee", "led", "flicker", "broadcast" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEEE 1789-2015 standard page", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1789/4479/", "publisher": "IEEE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ieee-802-11", "designation": "IEEE 802.11-2024", "title": "IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications", "body": "IEEE", "domain": "networking", "year": 2024, "scope": "Defines the Wi-Fi family: the MAC layer and the physical-layer radio specifications (the amendments given the marketing names Wi-Fi 4/5/6/6E/7) for wireless local area networks in the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz bands. It is a full revision rather than an amendment on top of the prior text: it folds Amendments 1 through 7, published 2021-2024, into one consolidated base standard.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.11/10548/", "label": "IEEE SA standard listing (free via the IEEE GET Program)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Approved by the IEEE-SA Standards Board 26 September 2024, published 28 April 2025; supersedes IEEE 802.11-2020. Marketing generation names are not part of the standard itself: \"Wi-Fi 6\" is the Wi-Fi Alliance's label for the 802.11ax amendment, now folded into this base text along with 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5), 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7), and the others.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "ieee", "wifi", "wireless", "networking" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEEE 802.11-2024 standard listing", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.11/10548/", "publisher": "IEEE Standards Association", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ieee-802-1as", "designation": "IEEE 802.1AS-2020", "title": "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications", "body": "IEEE", "domain": "networking", "year": 2020, "scope": "gPTP, the tightly constrained PTP profile used by AVB and TSN. Every bridge on the path must participate, which is what makes AVB switches a shopping list rather than a setting.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.1AS/7121/", "label": "IEEE (free via the GET Program)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "The reason an AVB/Milan network needs AVB-capable switches end to end while a Dante network does not: gPTP requires every hop to be a time-aware bridge, where the AES67 and ST 2059 profiles tolerate ordinary switches with good QoS.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "ieee", "gptp", "avb", "tsn", "sync" ], "related_protocols": [ "avb-milan", "ptp-1588" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEEE 802.1AS-2020 standard page", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.1AS/7121/", "publisher": "IEEE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ieee-802-1q", "designation": "IEEE 802.1Q-2022", "title": "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Bridges and Bridged Networks", "body": "IEEE", "domain": "networking", "year": 2022, "scope": "VLAN tagging, priority code points and the bridging behaviour every managed switch implements. The document behind \"put lighting on VLAN 10, audio on VLAN 20\" and behind the QoS priority values that keep Dante and ST 2110 ahead of file copies.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.1Q/10323/", "label": "IEEE (free via the GET Program)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "The 3-bit PCP field in the VLAN tag is what audio-over-IP vendors mean by \"priority 5 for media, 7 for clock\". Without a tag there is no PCP, which is why untagged access ports quietly lose the QoS you thought you configured.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "ieee", "vlan", "qos", "networking" ], "related_protocols": [ "dante", "aes67", "smpte-st-2110", "avb-milan" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEEE 802.1Q-2022 standard page", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.1Q/10323/", "publisher": "IEEE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ieee-802-3", "designation": "IEEE 802.3-2022", "title": "IEEE Standard for Ethernet", "body": "IEEE", "domain": "networking", "year": 2022, "scope": "The Ethernet standard itself: the MAC layer and every copper and fibre physical layer from 10BASE-T to 400GBASE, plus the Power over Ethernet clauses that feed half the boxes on a modern show network.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3/10422/", "label": "IEEE (free via the GET Program)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Free to download through the IEEE GET Program, which opens the 802 family at no cost. Everything else in this index that says \"runs over Ethernet\" - sACN, Art-Net, Dante, AES67, ST 2110 - is standing on this document.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "ieee", "ethernet", "networking" ], "related_protocols": [ "sacn", "art-net", "dante", "aes67", "smpte-st-2110" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEEE 802.3-2022 standard page", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3/10422/", "publisher": "IEEE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "IEEE GET Program (free access to 802 standards)", "url": "https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/browse/standards/get-program/page/series?id=68", "publisher": "IEEE", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "ieee-802-3bt", "designation": "IEEE 802.3bt-2018", "title": "IEEE Standard for Ethernet Amendment 2: Physical Layer and Management Parameters for DTE Power via MDI over 4-Pair (PoE Type 3 and Type 4)", "body": "IEEE", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2018, "scope": "The four-pair Power over Ethernet amendment: Type 3 up to 60 W and Type 4 up to 90 W at the source, against 30 W for the older 802.3at. This is the clause that lets a single Cat6 run power a moving light, a PTZ camera or a powered speaker.", "status": "superseded", "superseded_by": "ieee-802-3", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3bt/6749/", "label": "IEEE (free via the GET Program)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Rolled into IEEE 802.3-2022, so quote the base standard for compliance and this number for the feature. Vendor labels do not all mean the same thing: \"PoE++\", \"UPoE\" and \"Hi-PoE\" are marketing, Type 3 and Type 4 are the standard, and a Type 4 load on a Type 2 switch simply will not come up.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "ieee", "poe", "power", "ethernet" ], "sources": [ { "title": "IEEE 802.3bt-2018 standard page", "url": "https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.3bt/6749/", "publisher": "IEEE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iso-12100", "designation": "ISO 12100:2010", "title": "Safety of machinery - General principles for design - Risk assessment and risk reduction", "body": "ISO", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2010, "scope": "The type-A machinery safety standard: the risk assessment method and the three-step hierarchy (design out, then guard, then inform) that every machinery standard below it assumes you have already applied.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/51528.html", "label": "ISO Store (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "EN 17206 and DIN 56950 are entertainment-specific machinery standards sitting on top of this one. If a stage automation supplier hands you a risk assessment, this is the method it should be following.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "iso", "machinery", "risk-assessment", "automation" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO 12100:2010 catalogue page", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/51528.html", "publisher": "ISO", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iso-13849-1", "designation": "ISO 13849-1:2023", "title": "Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1: General principles for design", "body": "ISO", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2023, "scope": "How to design and rate the control system that makes a machine safe, using Performance Levels PL a to PL e derived from architecture, component reliability and diagnostic coverage.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/69883.html", "label": "ISO Store (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "This is where \"PL d, Category 3\" on a stage automation or hoist controller spec comes from. It is a property of the whole safety chain - sensor, logic, contactor - not of the PLC alone, so a PL d controller wired to a single unmonitored limit switch is not a PL d system.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "iso", "machinery", "performance-level", "automation", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO 13849-1:2023 catalogue page", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/69883.html", "publisher": "ISO", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iso-13850", "designation": "ISO 13850", "title": "Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design", "body": "ISO", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2015, "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "scope": "Specifies the emergency stop function: what it must do, how the device must be identified and operated, that it must latch, that releasing it must not restart the machine, and that it is a complementary protective measure rather than a primary one.", "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/59970.html", "label": "ISO" }, "notes": "The source of the red actuator on a yellow background, of the requirement that release only PERMITS a restart rather than causing one, and of the statement people most often skip: an emergency stop does not make a machine safe, it is the last resort after safe design and guarding.", "tags": [ "e-stop", "machinery", "safety", "iso" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO 13850:2015", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/59970.html", "publisher": "International Organization for Standardization", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "iso-13855", "designation": "ISO 13855", "title": "Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds of parts of the human body", "body": "ISO", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2010, "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "scope": "How far a guard, light curtain or detection field must be from a hazard so that the hazard has stopped before anybody can reach it. Gives the approach speed constants and the S = (K × T) + C formula.", "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42845.html", "label": "ISO" }, "notes": "The reason a slow safety network pushes a barrier further away: T is the total time from detection to the hazard stopping, and every millisecond in the chain becomes millimetres on the floor.", "tags": [ "machinery", "guarding", "safety-distance" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO 13855:2010", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/42845.html", "publisher": "International Organization for Standardization", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "iso-16739-1", "designation": "ISO 16739-1", "title": "Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction and facility management industries", "body": "ISO", "domain": "rigging-structural", "year": 2024, "scope": "Defines IFC, the open data model for exchanging building information between software: elements, their properties, and the relationships between them, rather than geometry alone.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/84123.html", "label": "ISO" }, "notes": "The format a venue's BIM model travels in. For touring work you mostly consume it — where the steel is, what it takes, where the services run — rather than author it.", "tags": [ "bim", "ifc", "cad", "venue" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO 16739-1", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/84123.html", "publisher": "International Organization for Standardization", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "iso-20121", "designation": "ISO 20121:2024", "title": "Event sustainability management systems - Requirements with guidance for use", "body": "ISO", "domain": "sustainability", "year": 2024, "scope": "A management-system standard for events: how an organiser identifies the sustainability issues of an event, sets objectives, involves the supply chain, and demonstrates improvement. Certifiable, and increasingly written into tenders for festivals, arenas and touring.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/86389.html", "label": "ISO Store (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Written for London 2012 and revised in 2024. It certifies a management system, not an event: \"ISO 20121 certified\" means the organisation has the process, not that a given show hit a carbon number. Useful to know which is being claimed when it appears in a rider.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "iso", "sustainability", "event-management" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO 20121:2024 catalogue page", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/86389.html", "publisher": "ISO", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "iso-226", "designation": "ISO 226", "title": "Acoustics — Normal equal-loudness-level contours", "body": "ISO", "domain": "audio", "year": 2023, "scope": "Defines the equal-loudness contours: the sound pressure level required at each frequency for a pure tone to be judged as loud as a reference tone at 1 kHz. The modern replacement for the Fletcher–Munson curves.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/83117.html", "label": "ISO" }, "notes": "The reason a mix balanced at show level sounds thin at rehearsal level, and the basis of the A-weighting used in every noise-exposure measurement.", "tags": [ "acoustics", "loudness", "psychoacoustics", "measurement" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO 226:2023", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/83117.html", "publisher": "International Organization for Standardization", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "iso-iec-7498-1", "designation": "ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994", "title": "Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model", "body": "ISO/IEC", "domain": "networking", "year": 1994, "scope": "Defines the seven-layer OSI reference model — physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application — as an abstract framework for describing how open systems communicate. It does not define any wire protocol itself; it is the layer vocabulary (\"layer 2\", \"layer 3\") that networking documentation on show networks borrows, even though almost no real protocol stack, including TCP/IP, maps onto all seven layers cleanly.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/20269.html", "label": "ISO catalogue listing (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Second edition, dated 1994-11-15, reviewed and confirmed in 2000; ISO's own catalogue still lists this as the current version with no later edition published. It replaced the first edition, ISO 7498:1984. Companion parts in the same family — 7498-2 (security architecture), 7498-3 (naming and addressing), 7498-4 (management framework) — cover material this basic-model part does not.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "iso", "iec", "osi", "reference-model", "networking" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994 catalogue listing", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/20269.html", "publisher": "ISO", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "itu-r-bt-2020", "designation": "ITU-R BT.2020-2", "title": "Parameter values for ultra-high definition television systems for production and international programme exchange", "body": "ITU-R", "domain": "video", "year": 2015, "scope": "The UHDTV parameter set: 4K and 8K raster sizes, frame rates, 10 and 12 bit depths, and the wide colour gamut usually just called Rec. 2020.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2020/en", "label": "ITU (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "The Rec. 2020 gamut is wider than any display panel currently reaches, so real hardware works inside it, usually to something near DCI-P3. \"2020 container, P3 content\" is the normal state of affairs and is worth pinning down in a spec before a screen arrives.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "itu", "colour", "uhd", "rec2020" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020", "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2020/en", "publisher": "ITU", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "itu-r-bt-2100", "designation": "ITU-R BT.2100-2", "title": "Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange", "body": "ITU-R", "domain": "video", "year": 2018, "scope": "The HDR television parameters: both transfer functions - PQ (ST 2084) and HLG - alongside the Rec. 2020 primaries, at HD, 4K and 8K rasters.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2100/en", "label": "ITU (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "PQ is absolute (a code value means a nit figure) and HLG is relative (it scales to the display). Feeding PQ content to an HLG chain, or either to an SDR LED processor, produces the \"why is it grey\" call. Ask which curve before the content is delivered, not on site.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "itu", "hdr", "colour", "pq", "hlg" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Recommendation ITU-R BT.2100", "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2100/en", "publisher": "ITU", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "itu-r-bt-709", "designation": "ITU-R BT.709-6", "title": "Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and international programme exchange", "body": "ITU-R", "domain": "video", "year": 2015, "scope": "The HD colour space: primaries, white point, transfer characteristic and the RGB-to-YCbCr matrix that essentially all 1080-line production has used since the 1990s.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.709/en", "label": "ITU (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "ITU-R Recommendations are free. Rec. 709 is the default assumption of nearly every projector, LED processor and media server, which is why content graded in P3 or 2020 goes flat and desaturated when nobody sets the conversion.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "itu", "colour", "hdtv", "rec709" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Recommendation ITU-R BT.709", "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.709/en", "publisher": "ITU", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "itu-r-tf-460", "designation": "ITU-R TF.460", "title": "Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions", "body": "ITU-R", "domain": "networking", "year": 2002, "scope": "The recommendation that defines UTC as a time scale: how it relates to International Atomic Time (TAI), and the leap-second mechanism that keeps it within a fraction of a second of the earth's rotation.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-TF.460/en", "label": "ITU-R TF.460" }, "related_protocols": [ "ntp", "ptp-1588", "nmea-0183" ], "notes": "Relevant on a show because the three time scales in the rack are not the same: UTC includes leap seconds, TAI does not, and GNSS time is offset from both. A device that mixes them up is out by whole seconds, not milliseconds.", "tags": [ "time", "utc", "tai", "leap-second" ], "sources": [ { "title": "Recommendation ITU-R TF.460", "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-TF.460/en", "publisher": "International Telecommunication Union", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "reported", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "nfpa-101", "designation": "NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code)", "title": "NFPA 101: Life Safety Code", "body": "NFPA", "domain": "safety-management", "year": 2024, "scope": "Occupant life safety in buildings: means of egress, occupant load calculation, assembly occupancy requirements, and the provisions for stages and platforms including proscenium fire curtains and smoke venting.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-101-standard-development/101", "label": "NFPA (free read-only access after registration)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The chapter on assembly occupancies is what an inspector is holding when they ask about your egress width, your aisle, your occupant load and whether that scenic build is blocking a route. Free to read online, which makes it worth actually reading before a load-in argument.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "nfpa", "life-safety", "egress", "assembly", "venue" ], "sources": [ { "title": "NFPA 101 code page", "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-101-standard-development/101", "publisher": "NFPA", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "nfpa-1123", "designation": "NFPA 1123", "title": "Code for Fireworks Display", "body": "NFPA", "domain": "pyro-flame", "year": 2022, "scope": "Outdoor fireworks displays: separation distances by shell size, site inspection, firing crew qualification, storage and transport of the product, and misfire procedure.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1123-standard-development/1123", "label": "NFPA (free read-only access after registration)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "NFPA 1123 is outdoor display fireworks; NFPA 1126 is pyrotechnics used before a proximate audience, which is what most indoor and stage effects fall under. Picking the wrong one is how a site plan ends up with separation distances an arena floor cannot possibly provide.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "nfpa", "pyrotechnics", "fireworks", "us" ], "sources": [ { "title": "NFPA 1123 code page", "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1123-standard-development/1123", "publisher": "NFPA", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "nfpa-1126", "designation": "NFPA 1126", "title": "Standard for the Use of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audience", "body": "NFPA", "domain": "pyro-flame", "scope": "Requirements for pyrotechnics fired close to an audience indoors or out: device types, separation distances, operator licensing interfaces, plans and demonstration shots for the authority having jurisdiction.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1126-standard-development/1126", "label": "NFPA 1126 (free online viewing with registration)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "The Station nightclub fire is the case study behind modern enforcement of this document. The demonstration shot for the fire marshal is not a formality.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "nfpa", "pyro", "proximate", "permits" ], "sources": [ { "title": "NFPA 1126 standard development page", "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-1126-standard-development/1126", "publisher": "NFPA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "nfpa-160", "designation": "NFPA 160", "title": "Standard for the Use of Flame Effects Before an Audience", "body": "NFPA", "domain": "pyro-flame", "scope": "Requirements for flame effects used before an audience: effect classification, plans, permits, operators, fuel handling and the safety distances between open flame and people.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-160-standard-development/160", "label": "NFPA 160 (free online viewing with registration)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Flame effects (fire as an effect) are NFPA 160; pyrotechnics (things that go bang) before a proximate audience are NFPA 1126. Permits usually require compliance with the one that actually matches the effect.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "nfpa", "flame", "pyro", "permits" ], "sources": [ { "title": "NFPA 160 standard development page", "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-160-standard-development/160", "publisher": "NFPA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "nfpa-70", "designation": "NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code)", "title": "NFPA 70: National Electrical Code", "body": "NFPA", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2023, "scope": "The US electrical installation code. Article 520 covers theatres, motion picture and television studios and similar locations; Article 530 covers motion picture and television studios; Article 525 covers carnivals, circuses, fairs and similar events.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-70-standard-development/70", "label": "NFPA (free read-only access after registration)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "NFPA publishes its codes for free reading online. Articles 520, 525 and 530 are the ones that decide whether a US venue power tie-in, a company switch or a festival distro is acceptable, and UL 1573 luminaires are listed against Article 520.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "nfpa", "nec", "us", "electrical", "article-520" ], "sources": [ { "title": "NFPA 70 code page", "url": "https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-70-standard-development/70", "publisher": "NFPA", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "osha-1910-95", "designation": "29 CFR 1910.95", "title": "Occupational noise exposure (OSHA)", "body": "OSHA", "domain": "safety-management", "scope": "US federal limits on workplace noise exposure: 90 dBA permissible exposure limit over 8 hours on a 5 dB exchange rate, hearing conservation programme required from 85 dBA time-weighted average.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95", "label": "OSHA 1910.95 full text" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US" ], "notes": "Crew and house staff at a loud show are workers under this rule: FOH mix level debates are also exposure-limit debates. The EU equivalent directive uses 87 dBA with a 3 dB exchange rate, so multinational tours meet two different maths.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "osha", "noise", "hearing", "foh" ], "sources": [ { "title": "29 CFR 1910.95 Occupational noise exposure", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95", "publisher": "OSHA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "rfc-5905", "designation": "RFC 5905", "title": "Network Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms Specification", "body": "IETF", "domain": "networking", "year": 2010, "scope": "Defines NTPv4: the on-wire protocol, the clock-filter and selection algorithms, and how a client disciplines a local clock from one or more servers while compensating for network delay.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5905", "label": "RFC 5905 (free)" }, "related_protocols": [ "ntp" ], "notes": "Free to read, like every RFC. Worth skimming for the distinction between stepping and slewing a clock, which is the behaviour that surprises people on show machines.", "tags": [ "time", "ntp", "networking" ], "sources": [ { "title": "RFC 5905", "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5905", "publisher": "IETF", "accessed": "2026-08-29", "primary": true } ], "confidence": "verified", "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-29" }, { "id": "smpte-st-12-1", "designation": "SMPTE ST 12-1:2014", "title": "Time and Control Code", "body": "SMPTE", "domain": "control-data", "year": 2014, "scope": "Defines the time and control code used by television and audio systems at 60, 59.94, 50, 48, 47.95, 30, 29.97, 25, 24, and 23.98 frames per second. It specifies the structure of the time address, binary groups, and flag bits, and two carriers: linear time code (LTC) for recording on linear media or a serial interface, and vertical interval time code (VITC).", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/pub/st12-1/st0012-1-2014.pdf", "label": "SMPTE Standards Library — full text PDF" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "notes": "This is the document that defines what crews call LTC or SMPTE timecode. On 17 June 2026 SMPTE opened its whole standards catalogue at no cost, so the full text can now be read without membership or purchase. Approved 20 February 2014.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "smpte", "timecode", "ltc", "synchronisation" ], "sources": [ { "title": "SMPTE ST 12-1:2014 Time and Control Code (full text)", "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/pub/st12-1/st0012-1-2014.pdf", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-16", "primary": true }, { "title": "SMPTE Makes Its Standards Freely Accessible", "url": "https://www.smpte.org/blog/smpte-makes-its-standards-freely-accessible-openingstandards-library-to-the-global-media-technology-community", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-16" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-16" }, { "id": "smpte-st-12-2", "designation": "SMPTE ST 12-2:2014", "title": "Transmission of Time Code in the Ancillary Data Space", "body": "SMPTE", "domain": "video", "year": 2014, "scope": "How SMPTE timecode rides inside an SDI signal as ancillary data (ATC), rather than as an audio-band LTC signal on its own cable.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st12-2/", "label": "SMPTE public access" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Companion to ST 12-1, which defines the timecode itself. Worth knowing which one a device means by \"timecode input\": an ATC-only camera will not read the LTC feed you sent it down an XLR.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "smpte", "timecode", "sdi" ], "related_protocols": [ "ltc", "sdi" ], "sources": [ { "title": "SMPTE ST 12-2 (public access)", "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st12-2/", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "smpte-st-2059-2", "designation": "SMPTE ST 2059-2:2021", "title": "SMPTE Profile for Use of IEEE-1588 Precision Time Protocol in Professional Broadcast Applications", "body": "SMPTE", "domain": "video", "year": 2021, "scope": "The broadcast PTP profile: the message rates, domain numbers and default parameters a media network uses so that video, audio and timecode all derive from one grandmaster.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st2059-2/", "label": "SMPTE public access" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "ST 2059-1 defines how a signal relates to the epoch; -2 is the PTP profile itself. This is the profile that has to match on every device: a Dante card on the AES67 media profile and a camera on ST 2059-2 in different PTP domains will each be happily locked, to different clocks.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "smpte", "ptp", "sync", "broadcast" ], "related_protocols": [ "ptp-1588", "smpte-st-2110" ], "sources": [ { "title": "SMPTE ST 2059-2 (public access)", "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st2059-2/", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "smpte-st-2082-1", "designation": "SMPTE ST 2082-1:2022", "title": "12 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface - Electrical", "body": "SMPTE", "domain": "video", "year": 2022, "scope": "12G-SDI: the 11.88 Gb/s single-link electrical interface that carries 2160p up to 60 fps on one coax.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st2082-1/", "label": "SMPTE public access" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Cable loss at 12G is brutal compared with 1.5G: runs that were unremarkable in HD need better coax, shorter distance, or fibre. Belden and Canare publish per-cable distance figures against each SDI rate - use those, not habit.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "smpte", "sdi", "12g", "uhd" ], "related_protocols": [ "sdi" ], "sources": [ { "title": "SMPTE ST 2082-1 (public access)", "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st2082-1/", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "smpte-st-2110-10", "designation": "SMPTE ST 2110-10:2022", "title": "Professional Media Over Managed IP Networks: System Timing and Definitions", "body": "SMPTE", "domain": "video", "year": 2022, "scope": "The system layer of ST 2110: how the separate video, audio and ancillary essence streams are carried in RTP, described in SDP, and locked to a common PTP reference so a receiver can reassemble them in step.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/pub/st2110-10/st2110-10-2022.pdf", "label": "SMPTE public access (free PDF)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "SMPTE opened its standards library, so the ST 2110 documents are free to read. The essence parts are separate: -20 uncompressed video, -30 PCM audio, -40 ancillary data. \"We support 2110\" without saying which parts is not an answer.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "smpte", "st2110", "video-over-ip", "ptp" ], "related_protocols": [ "smpte-st-2110", "ptp-1588", "aes67" ], "sources": [ { "title": "SMPTE ST 2110-10:2022 (public PDF)", "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/pub/st2110-10/st2110-10-2022.pdf", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "SMPTE ST 2110 standards suite overview", "url": "https://www.smpte.org/standards/st2110", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "smpte-st-292-1", "designation": "SMPTE ST 292-1:2018", "title": "1.5 Gb/s Signal/Data Serial Interface", "body": "SMPTE", "domain": "video", "year": 2018, "scope": "HD-SDI: the 1.485 Gb/s serial interface over 75 ohm coax that carries 1080i and 720p, with its scrambling, embedded audio and ancillary data space.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st292-1/", "label": "SMPTE public access" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "The reason \"SDI\" alone is not a spec: ST 292-1 is 1.5G, ST 424 is 3G, ST 2081 is 6G and ST 2082 is 12G, and a cable run that is fine at 1.5G can fail entirely at 12G. Match the rate, not just the connector.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "smpte", "sdi", "video" ], "related_protocols": [ "sdi" ], "sources": [ { "title": "SMPTE ST 292-1 (public access)", "url": "https://pub.smpte.org/doc/st292-1/", "publisher": "SMPTE", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "tia-485", "designation": "ANSI/TIA-485-A", "title": "Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced Digital Multipoint Systems", "body": "TIA", "domain": "networking", "year": 1998, "scope": "Defines the electrical layer commonly called RS-485: driver and receiver voltage levels, common-mode range, unit loads, and termination for balanced differential multipoint data transmission over a twisted pair. It specifies electrical characteristics only — no connector, no data-link framing, no protocol — which is why every RS-485-based control protocol has to define its own connector, unit-load budget, and packet framing on top of it.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://store.accuristech.com/standards/tia-ansi-tia-485-a?product_id=2591400", "label": "TIA's official standards store (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "related_protocols": [ "dmx512", "rdm" ], "notes": "Approved 1 March 1998 as a revision of the original EIA-485 (1983); no later edition has been found in TIA's own published revision lists, so -A remains the current text. This is the generic industrial electrical layer both DMX512 and RDM (E1.20) ride on — both are explicitly RS-485 transports in their own showstack entries — with ANSI E1.11 (DMX512-A) adding its own connector, termination, and unit-load rules on top of this document.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "tia", "rs-485", "electrical-layer", "dmx" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ANSI/TIA-485-A standard listing", "url": "https://store.accuristech.com/standards/tia-ansi-tia-485-a?product_id=2591400", "publisher": "TIA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "tia-568-2", "designation": "ANSI/TIA-568.2-E", "title": "Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Cabling and Components Standard", "body": "TIA", "domain": "networking", "year": 2024, "scope": "Defines the copper structured-cabling requirements for balanced twisted-pair systems: the Category 5e/6/6A/8 electrical performance specifications, connecting hardware, cords, and field-test limits a cable actually has to meet to be sold under its category name. This is the part of the TIA-568 series that a bare \"EIA/TIA-568\" citation usually means when the subject is copper Ethernet cable and termination quality, as opposed to the wider cabling architecture in TIA-568.0 or the optical-fibre requirements in TIA-568.3.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://tiaonline.org/standardannouncement/tia-publishes-new-standards-ansi-tia-568-2-e-and-ansi-tia-568-5-1/", "label": "TIA standard announcement (purchase via TIA's official store)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "International" ], "notes": "Developed by TIA committee TR-42; announced 5 November 2024, incorporating the balun (Category 8 test) and power-delivery addenda from the prior -D edition, plus new DC resistance-unbalance limits for Category 5e/6/6A. TIA-568 is a family, not one document: 568.0-E (generic cabling architecture), 568.1-E (commercial building infrastructure), 568.3-E (optical fibre), 568.4-D (broadband coax) and 568.5 (single twisted-pair) are separate parts with their own edition letters and dates.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "tia", "ansi", "cabling", "ethernet", "structured-cabling" ], "sources": [ { "title": "TIA Publishes New Standards - ANSI/TIA-568.2-E and ANSI/TIA-568.5-1", "url": "https://tiaonline.org/standardannouncement/tia-publishes-new-standards-ansi-tia-568-2-e-and-ansi-tia-568-5-1/", "publisher": "TIA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true }, { "title": "ANSI/TIA-568.2-E Is Here. Are Your Cables Compliant?", "url": "https://www.siemon.com/en/ansi-tia-568-2-e-released/", "publisher": "Siemon", "accessed": "2026-08-22" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "tia-598", "designation": "ANSI/TIA-598-D", "title": "Optical Fiber Cable Color Coding", "body": "TIA", "domain": "networking", "year": 2014, "scope": "Defines the jacket and print colour convention used to identify optical fibre type by sight: colours such as orange, aqua, and erika violet for the various multimode grades (OM1-OM4), and yellow for single-mode (OS1/OS2), plus codes for buffered fibres and connector strain-relief boots. It is an industry naming convention, not a physical property of the glass, so an unlabelled or repurposed cable has to be confirmed against its printed spec rather than assumed from jacket colour alone.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://store.accuristech.com/standards/tia-ansi-tia-598-d?product_id=2594507", "label": "TIA's official standards store (purchase)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Published 9 July 2014 as a revision of TIA-598-C (2005), with Addendum 1 and Addendum 2 (both 2018) adding a jacket colour for OM5 wideband multimode fibre. As of TIA's own June 2023 published standards-revision list, a further -E revision was still \"work in progress\"; no published -E edition has been found since, so -D with its addenda remains the current text.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "tia", "fibre", "color-code", "cabling" ], "sources": [ { "title": "ANSI/TIA-598-D standard listing", "url": "https://store.accuristech.com/standards/tia-ansi-tia-598-d?product_id=2594507", "publisher": "TIA", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true }, { "title": "List of Current TIA Standards Revisions (TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium)", "url": "https://www.tiafotc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/List-of-Current-TIA-Standards-Revisions-6-12-2023.pdf", "publisher": "TIA Fiber Optics Technology Consortium", "accessed": "2026-08-22" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "ul-1573", "designation": "UL 1573", "title": "Standard for Safety - Stage and Studio Luminaires and Connector Strips", "body": "UL Standards & Engagement", "domain": "electrical", "year": 2023, "scope": "Safety requirements for stage and studio luminaires rated 600 V or less for theatres and studios, plus connector strips and drop boxes: borderlights, spotlights, floodlights, footlights and portable strips, in line with NEC Articles 520 and 530.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": false, "access_url": { "url": "https://standardscatalog.ul.com/standards/en/standard_1573_4", "label": "UL Standards Catalog" }, "jurisdiction": [ "US", "CA" ], "notes": "The listing mark a US venue or AHJ looks for on a stage fixture. Carbon arc lamps, amateur movie lights and residential lighting are explicitly outside its scope. A fixture built to IEC 60598-2-17 for the European market is not automatically acceptable to a US inspector, and vice versa.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "ul", "luminaire", "stage-lighting", "us", "listing" ], "sources": [ { "title": "UL 1573 catalogue entry", "url": "https://standardscatalog.ul.com/standards/en/standard_1573_4", "publisher": "UL Standards & Engagement", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "usb-type-c-spec", "designation": "USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5", "title": "Universal Serial Bus Type-C Cable and Connector Specification", "body": "USB-IF", "domain": "networking", "scope": "Defines the USB-C connector: the 24-pin reversible mechanical design, pin assignment, and the Alternate Mode negotiation mechanism that lets a USB-C port carry DisplayPort or Thunderbolt signalling instead of USB data, plus the electrical and mechanical requirements a cable or connector has to meet to be sold as USB-C.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://usb.org/document-library/usb-type-cr-cable-and-connector-specification-release-25", "label": "USB-IF document library (free download)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "International" ], "notes": "Listed on USB-IF's own document library as Release 2.5, the current edition; its exact publication date could not be independently confirmed beyond that listing, so no year is asserted here. Prior releases followed roughly an autumn cadence — 2.2 in October 2022, 2.3 in October 2023, 2.4 in October 2024. There is no separate \"Thunderbolt connector\": Thunderbolt 3 and 4 run over this same 24-pin connector using its Alternate Mode mechanism, where Thunderbolt 1/2 used the older 20-pin Mini DisplayPort connector instead.", "confidence": "verified", "tags": [ "usb", "usb-c", "connector", "usb-if" ], "sources": [ { "title": "USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.5", "url": "https://usb.org/document-library/usb-type-cr-cable-and-connector-specification-release-25", "publisher": "USB-IF", "accessed": "2026-08-22", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-22" }, { "id": "wh-t-28", "designation": "WH/T 28-2007", "title": "Stage machinery - Safety of above-stage equipment (舞台机械 台上设备安全)", "body": "文化和旅游部 (MCT)", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2007, "scope": "Safety requirements for above-stage machinery: fly bar hoists, point hoists, front curtain machines and the rest of the equipment that moves loads over the stage floor.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/zfxxgkml/hybz/202012/t20201206_916686.html", "label": "文化和旅游部 政府信息公开 (free)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "CN" ], "notes": "WH/T is the Ministry of Culture and Tourism industry standard series - the Chinese equivalent in role to DIN 56950 or EN 17206, and published free on the ministry's own disclosure site. Pairs with WH/T 36-2009 for below-stage equipment.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "wht", "china", "stage-machinery", "rigging", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "WH/T 28-2007 舞台机械 台上设备安全", "url": "https://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/zfxxgkml/hybz/202012/t20201206_916686.html", "publisher": "文化和旅游部", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "wh-t-35", "designation": "WH/T 35-2022", "title": "Stage machinery - Terminology (舞台机械 术语)", "body": "文化和旅游部 (MCT)", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2022, "scope": "The controlled vocabulary for stage machinery in Chinese: the defined term for each piece of equipment, motion and control concept.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://www.mct.gov.cn/whzx/zxgz/wlbzhgz/201907/t20190703_844796.htm", "label": "文化和旅游部 (WH/T 35 series)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "CN" ], "notes": "Directly useful to this index: it is the official Chinese term list for the same objects our glossary carries in English and 繁中. Published 2022-12-27, effective 2023-03-27, replacing WH/T 35-2009 演出场馆设备技术术语 舞台机械. Note that mainland 简体 terminology and HK/TW 繁中 crew slang are not always the same word.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "wht", "china", "terminology", "stage-machinery", "vocabulary" ], "sources": [ { "title": "WH/T 35-2009 演出场馆设备技术术语 舞台机械", "url": "https://www.mct.gov.cn/whzx/zxgz/wlbzhgz/201907/t20190703_844796.htm", "publisher": "文化和旅游部", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true }, { "title": "WH/T 35-2022《舞台机械 术语》颁布实施", "url": "https://casti.org.cn/casti/kydt/202302/c2a6eb1bd4b346c79529b294b33d76e1.shtml", "publisher": "中国演艺设备技术协会", "accessed": "2026-08-26" } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" }, { "id": "wh-t-36", "designation": "WH/T 36-2009", "title": "Stage machinery - Safety requirements for below-stage equipment (舞台机械 台下设备安全要求)", "body": "文化和旅游部 (MCT)", "domain": "machinery", "year": 2009, "scope": "Safety requirements for below-stage machinery: stage lifts, orchestra pit elevators, revolves, wagons and the drive and control systems that move them.", "status": "current", "free_to_read": true, "access_url": { "url": "https://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/zfxxgkml/hybz/202012/t20201206_916703.html", "label": "文化和旅游部 政府信息公开 (free)" }, "jurisdiction": [ "CN" ], "notes": "The below-stage half of the pair with WH/T 28-2007. Between them they are the reference a Chinese venue's automation maintenance regime is written against.", "confidence": "reported", "tags": [ "wht", "china", "stage-machinery", "lift", "safety" ], "sources": [ { "title": "WH/T 36-2009 舞台机械 台下设备安全要求", "url": "https://zwgk.mct.gov.cn/zfxxgkml/hybz/202012/t20201206_916703.html", "publisher": "文化和旅游部", "accessed": "2026-08-26", "primary": true } ], "contributed_by": [], "updated": "2026-08-26" } ]